U.S. & World

WASHINGTON (CBS News) ― President Bush, giving his last State of the Union Address, called for an effort to crack down on the pork barrel practices of Congress, saying he will veto any spending bill that does not cut in half the number and cost of congressional pet projects, known as earmarks.

The president planned to issue an executive order Tuesday ordering federal agencies to ignore earmarks that aren't explicitly enacted into law, erasing a common practice in which lawmakers' projects are outlined in nonbinding documents that accompany legislation.

However, Mr. Bush's plan leaves untouched the more than 11,700 earmarks totaling $16.9 billion that Congress approved last year.

"The people's trust in their government is undermined by congressional earmarks -- special interest projects that are often snuck in at the last minute, without discussion or debate," the president said.

"Last year, I asked you to voluntarily cut the number and cost of earmarks in half. I also asked you to stop slipping earmarks into committee reports that never even come to a vote. Unfortunately, neither goal was met," Mr. Bush said. "So this time, if you send me an appropriations bill that does not cut the number and cost of earmarks in half, I will send it back to you with my veto."

White House press secretary Dana Perino said Mr. Bush decided to restrict earmarks going forward — not backward — because Congress first deserved "a very clear indication of what he was going to do."

"It'll make a lot of members of congress angry. but it's something that needs to be done and it may be easier for somebody not running for re-election to do it," White House Chief of Staff Josh Bolten said in an interview with CBS News White House correspondent Mark Knoller.

Mr. Bush also urged the nation Monday night to persevere against gnawing fears of recession and stay patient with the long, grinding war in Iraq. He pressed Congress to quickly pass a plan to rescue the economy.

"We can all see that growth is slowing," Mr. Bush said in a blunt acknowledgment of rising food and gas prices, increasing unemployment and turmoil in the housing and financial markets.

He cautioned against accelerating U.S. troop withdrawals from Iraq, saying that would jeopardize progress achieved over the last year.

"We have unfinished business before us, and the American people expect us to get it done," Mr. Bush declared. It was his final State of the Union address and he faced a hostile, Democratic-led Congress eager for the end of his term next January.

Delivering the official Democratic response, Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius urged Mr. Bush to work with Congress and help the U.S. regain global standing lost because of the war.

"The last five years have cost us dearly — in lives lost, in thousands of wounded warriors whose futures may never be the same, in challenges not met here at home because our resources were committed elsewhere," she said. "America's foreign policy has left us with fewer allies and more enemies."

With his approval rating near its all-time low, Mr. Bush lacked the political clout to push bold ideas and he didn't try. He called on lawmakers to urgently approve a $150 billion plan — worked out with House leaders — to avoid or soften any recession through tax rebates for families and incentives for businesses to invest in new plants and equipment.

"The actions of the 110th Congress will affect the security and prosperity of our nation long after this session has ended," the president said.

"I thought this was a boilerplate speech," presidential historian Douglas Brinkley told CBS News after the speech. "It was in many ways the legacy speech."

"I must say I thought that the president read his speech well tonight," CBS News chief Washington correspondent Bob Schiffer said. "But there was no music — there was no soaring rhetoric."

Senate Democrats want to expand the economic stimulus plan with rebates for senior citizens living off Social Security and extensions of unemployment benefits for the jobless. Mr. Bush said those changes "would delay it or derail it and neither option is acceptable."

He also pushed Congress to extend his tax cuts, which are to expire in 2010, and said allowing them to lapse would mean higher tax bills for 116 million American taxpayers. For those who say they're willing to pay more, Mr. Bush said, "I welcome their enthusiasm, and I am pleased to report that the IRS accepts both checks and money orders."

Before speaking, Mr. Bush turned to shake hands with a smiling House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Vice President Dick Cheney, seated behind him. Mr. Bush's wife, Laura, and their twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna, sat in a VIP box. His speech lasted 53 minutes, interrupted frequently by applause, most often by Republican lawmakers.

Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the war has been a main topic of Mr. Bush's annual addresses to Congress. He said Monday night the buildup of 30,000 U.S. troops and an increase in Iraqi forces "have achieved results few of us could have imagined just one year ago."

"Some may deny the surge is working," Bush said, "but among the terrorists there is no doubt. Al Qaeda is on the run in Iraq and this enemy will be defeated."

Still, Mr. Bush said, "The mission in Iraq has been difficult and trying for our nation. But it is in the vital interest of the United States that we succeed."

He made no commitment about withdrawing additional troops from Iraq, and he said Gen. David Patraeus, the top U.S. general there, has warned that pulling Americans out too quickly could undermine Iraqi forces, allow al Qaeda to regroup and trigger an increase in violence.

"Members of Congress: Having come so far and achieved so much, we must not allow this to happen," the president said.

Mr. Bush said U.S. adversaries in Iraq have been hit hard, though "they are not yet defeated and we can still expect tough fighting ahead."

There are 158,000 U.S. troops in Iraq, a number that is expected to drop to 135,000 by July. There are 28,000 in Afghanistan, the highest number of the war, which began there in October 2001. Congress, despite repeated attempts, has been unable to force troop withdrawals or deadlines for pullbacks, and Iraq has receded as an issue in Washington.

Aides had said Mr. Bush would not use the address as a summation of his time in office. But he did, turning to the phrase "over the past seven years" when talking about some of the most-prized efforts of his administration: tax relief, federal involvement with religious charities, the global freedom agenda and increased funding for veterans.

He spoke of trust in people — taxpayers, homeowners, medical researchers, doctors and patients, students, workers, energy entrepreneurs and others — to drive their own success and that of the country. The unspoken message: Government isn't the answer.

"In all we do, we must trust in the ability of free people to make wise decisions, and empower them to improve their lives and their futures," Bush said.

A major challenge for Mr. Bush in his address was simply being heard when many Americans already are looking beyond him to the next president.

His speech came hours before Florida's presidential primary election and just eight days before Super Tuesday when voters in more than 20 states go to the polls on the biggest day of the primary campaign. Republicans running for president rarely mention Bush, preferring to focus on conservative hero Ronald Reagan instead.

Before Bush arrived, his would-be successors and their well-wishers clogged the center aisle.

Sen. Barack Obama came first, followed closely by his new patron, Sen. Edward Kennedy. Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton entered the chamber a few minutes later, equally mobbed by well-wishers. She reached out and shook Kennedy's hand. Obama, nearby, turned away.

Mr. Bush will turn from Monday's speech and plunge into politics, raising money for Republicans from Wednesday through Friday at events in California, Nevada, Colorado and Missouri, sandwiched around other appearances to tout themes from his speech.

As for the Democrats, Clinton said, "Tonight is a red-letter night in American history. It is the last time George Bush will give the State of the Union. Next year it will be a Democratic president giving it."

Mr. Bush said he would send Congress a budget that terminates or substantially reduces 151 "wasteful or bloated programs" totaling more than $18 billion.

He renewed a proposal to spend $300 million for a "grants for kids" program to help poor children in struggling public schools pay for the cost of attending a private school or a better public school outside their district.

On two issues that were centerpieces of State of the Union addresses past — Social Security and immigration — Mr. Bush passed the buck back to Congress, which had ignored the president's earlier proposals. Contending that entitlement spending is "growing faster than we can afford," he said, "I ask members of Congress to offer your proposals and come up with a bipartisan solution to save these vital programs for our children and grandchildren."

But as Schieffer reports, everywhere you turn the Democrats were very, very skeptical.

"We talked to Nancy Pelosi, the Speaker of the House, today and we said the president is planning to challenge you on immigration and she said 'poor baby.' That was a direct quote," Schieffer said. "She said 'look, it's his own party that abandoned him on immigration, we can't help.'"

The president also announced a White House summit on inner-city children and religious schools and said that his annual meeting with the leaders of Mexico and Canada will be held this year in New Orleans, to show off recovery efforts.

He prodded Congress to extend a law allowing surveillance on suspected terrorists, renew his education law and approve free-trade pacts with Colombia, Panama and South Korea.

He also recycled ideas on alternative energy, affordable health care, housing reform and veterans' care. Mr. Bush also renewed his ideas on climate change and stem cell research.

Mr. Bush made only one mention of Osama bin Laden, who remains at large more than seven years after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. There was no reference to North Korea. In his 2002 address, Mr. Bush caused a stir by warning that Iraq, Iran and North Korea constitute an "axis of evil." The United States and its allies are pushing North Korea to abandon its nuclear programs.

(© 2009 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)